Description

Graphene oxide (GO) contains many reactive oxygen functional groups. Graphene oxide (GO) is an important precursor for the mass production of graphene-based materials and devices, which creates very stable emulsions from organic solvents that are used for the synthesis of various compounds.

Graphene oxide can have many applications in water and wastewater treatment, biotechnology, and in the field of soil and agriculture. Graphene oxide can be used as a substrate for various biomolecules. Also, by reviving graphene oxide, it can be used in the field of electronic devices. In the following, we examine the synthesis of graphene oxide by the improved Hamer method.

To prepare graphene oxide, we first mix 0.2 grams of expanded graphite in the furnace with about 100 cc of sulfuric acid and place it on a magnetic stirrer. After half an hour, add 0.8 grams of potassium permanganate slowly and little by little. After adding potassium permanganate, we put the solution on a magnetic stirrer for 3 hours. After 24 hours, add 200 cc of water to the solution to dilute our acidic solution (quenching). Let the solution sit for 15 minutes. Then it’s time to add hydrogen peroxide. Its amount was measured by eye. In this way, we start adding hydrogen peroxide until the color of the solution changes from muddy green to orange yellow.

After adding hydrogen peroxide, the solution is stirred for 15 to 30 minutes to make sure that the completion reaction is complete. Then we pour the final solution into the falcons and centrifuge for one round to reduce our acidic solution. Then we make a solution of one molar hydrochloric acid and with it we centrifuge and wash the mixture inside the Falcon 3 times. Now it is the turn of washing solvent, we use water. Like the washing of the previous step, this time this washing is done 6 times with distilled water so that the pH of the solution reaches a pH close to that of water. And finally, we wash the solution from the bottom of the falcons and put it in a closed container. The solution inside the container is the graphene oxide we are considering. In the opposite figure, you can see the XRD diagram and Raman spectroscopy for the dispersion product of single-layer graphene oxide in water. Also, the FESEM images of this product are given in the following images.

SEM images of Single Layer Graphene Oxide Dispersion in Water

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